Modern Finance (MF) is committed to upholding high standards of publication ethics and takes appropriate measures against publication malpractice. Plagiarism, where someone presents another person’s ideas, words, or other creative expression as their own, is a clear violation of scientific ethics. Plagiarism may also involve a violation of copyright law.

Plagiarism appears in various forms, and all are unacceptable and considered unethical publishing behavior:

• Copying content from another source without proper acknowledgment or citation.
• Using portions of another author's work, including figures, tables, equations, or illustrations that are not common knowledge, without citing the source.
• Using exact text downloaded from the internet without citation or proper acknowledgment.
• Copying or downloading figures, photographs, pictures, or diagrams without citing or acknowledging the source.

Types of Plagiarism

The following types of plagiarism are identified and considered by MF:

Full Plagiarism: Using an entire work from another source and presenting it as one's own.

Partial Plagiarism: Using parts of another person's work and presenting them as one's own, including through insufficient paraphrasing or inadequate citation.

Self-Plagiarism: Reusing significant parts of one's own previously published work without proper citation or transparent disclosure.

Pre-Publishing Plagiarism Checks

All submissions to Modern Finance are checked for plagiarism after submission and before the review process begins. MF uses plagiarism and overlap detection technology in the form of iThenticate, a specialized software tool used to identify textual overlap in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate compares submitted manuscripts against an extensive database of published and online materials. Similarity reports are assessed by the editorial team, as a similarity percentage alone does not necessarily indicate plagiarism. Manuscripts with substantial unattributed overlap, inappropriate reuse of text, or insufficient acknowledgment of sources may be returned for revision, rejected, or subject to further editorial investigation.

Post-Publishing Plagiarism Consequences

If plagiarism is suspected or detected after publication, MF will conduct an editorial investigation. Authors may be asked to provide an explanation and relevant documentation. Depending on the severity of the case, the journal may publish a correction, issue an expression of concern, retract the article, and/or notify the author's institution, funder, or other relevant bodies.

Originality

By submitting a manuscript to Modern Finance, authors affirm that their work is original, unpublished, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Infringements, including duplicate publication or inappropriate reuse of the author's own work without proper citation, are not tolerated.

Acknowledging Sources

Authors should always properly acknowledge their sources, providing accurate citations for any work referenced in the manuscript. Verbatim or near-verbatim reuse of significant portions of one's own work requires citation of the original source. It is the responsibility of the authors to understand the difference between quoting and paraphrasing, as well as the correct way to cite material.

By submitting a manuscript, authors also acknowledge that they are aware of the journal's policy on plagiarism and agree to its terms.