Modern Finance (MF) is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against any publication malpractices. Plagiarism, where someone assumes another's ideas, words, or other creative expression as one's own, is a clear violation of scientific ethics. Plagiarism can also involve a violation of copyright law, punishable by legal action.

Plagiarism appears in various forms, and all are unacceptable and considered unethical publishing behavior:

• Copying the same content from another source without proper acknowledgment or citation.
• Using portions of another author's work purposefully, including figures, tables, equations, or illustrations that are not common knowledge, without citing the source.
• Using exact text downloaded from the internet without citation or proper acknowledgment.
• Copying or downloading figures, photographs, pictures, or diagrams without citing or acknowledging your sources.

Types of Plagiarism

The following types of plagiarism are identifided and considered by MR:

Full Plagiarism: Using an entire work from another source, passing it off as one's own.

Partial Plagiarism: Using parts of others' work and presenting them as their own, even with rephrasing.

Self-Plagiarism: Reusing significant parts of one's own previously published work without proper citation.

Pre-Publishing Plagiarism Checks

All submissions to Modern Finance are checked for plagiarism after submission and before the review process begins. MF has implemented plagiarism and overlap detection technology in the form of iThenticate, a spcialized software tool to check for overlap in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate detects possible plagiarism in the text using an extensive database of published materials. Manuscripts with more than a 25% similarity index will be rejected outright, as it typically indicates substantial plagiarism.

Post-Publishing Plagiarism Consequences

If plagiarism is detected post-publication, we will conduct a thorough investigation. The offending paper will be marked; accordingly, the author's institute and funding agencies will be notified, and if the infraction is severe, the paper may be retracted.

Originality

By submitting a manuscript to Modern Finance, authors affirm that their work is original, unpublished, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Infringements, including duplicate publication of the author's own work without proper citation, are not tolerated.

Acknowledging Sources

Authors should always properly acknowledge their sources, providing accurate citations for any work referenced in the manuscript. Verbatim or near-verbatim reuse of significant portions of one's own work requires citation of the original source. It is the responsibility of the authors to understand the difference between quoting and paraphrasing, as well as the correct way to cite material.

By submitting a manuscript, authors also acknowledge that they are aware of the journal's policy on plagiarism and agree to its terms.